Smith, G. (2022) Freeze-drying for the stabilization of drug products: Recent developments in process analytical technologies. Podium presentation at Oxford Global Formulation and Delivery UK. London 5-6 May

Cite as

Smith, G. (2022) Freeze-drying for the stabilization of drug products: Recent developments in process analytical technologies. Podium presentation at Oxford Global Formulation and Delivery UK. London 5-6 May 2022 

Topics covered by this talk:

• Why freeze-dry?
• Process analytical technologies for freeze-drying (single vial and batch techniques)
• Introduction to through-via impedance spectroscopy (TVIS) 
• Case study : Primary drying end point
• Separation between sublimation (primary drying) and diffusive desorption (secondary drying)
• The impact of phase states (crystalline vs amorphous) on the end point profile

Conclusion: Existing, vapour and temperature sensing PATs cannot differentiate between source of water vapour (ice or adsorbed water).TVIS provides identification of true sublimation (primary drying) end point