Smith, G (2022) Process analytical technology (PAT) for sublimation end point determination (primary drying stage) On-line presentation at Oxford Global Pharmaceutical Lyophilization Symposium. 8 December 2022

Cite as

Smith, G. (2022) Process analytical technology (PAT) for sublimation end point determination (primary drying stage) On-line presentation at Oxford Global Pharmaceutical Lyophilization Symposium. 8 December 2022

Topics covered by this talk:

• Batch comparative pressure measurements and individual-vial thermocouple measurements for primary drying end point determination.
• Over-lap of sublimation and desorption end points
• In-vial electrical impedance measurements of the freeze-drying process(TVIS)

Conclusion: The high frequency real part capacitance is uniquely sensitive to ice sublimation and so can differentiate the sublimation end point from the extended period of the drying of the solids fraction, to provide an individual vial determination of sublimation end point to a precision of ~ 5 min.